普光气田含硫污水尾气处理工艺应用与优化

针对中国石化普光气田产出水属于典型的含硫污水,密闭处理系统中产生大量高含硫尾气,论述了尾气处理工艺中存在的问题,优化了单一的生物除硫、活性炭吸附工艺,增加了一级碱洗、氧化除硫工艺,实现尾气达标排放。     

碳酸钙中的碳能被微藻利用吗

碳酸钙中的碳能否被微藻利用这一问题一直处于争论中。本文在开放与隔离空气CO2环境下用含有碳酸钙粉末和不同浓度乙酰唑胺的培养液培养衣藻和小球藻。通过双向同位素示踪技术,定量描述出不同条件下微藻对碳酸钙碳源的利用份额。在隔离空气CO2的环境下,微藻对碳酸钙碳源的利用份额明显大于开放环境下。在开放环境下,随着培养液中乙酰唑胺浓度增加,生物量减少,微藻对固有无机碳源的利用份额减少,对碳酸钙碳源的利用份额增加。在隔离空气CO2的环境下,随着培养液中乙酰唑胺浓度增加,微藻生物量增加,衣藻对固有无机碳源的利用份额增加,对碳酸钙碳源的利用份额减少,而小球藻反之。微藻主要是通过利用碳酸钙溶蚀的可溶性无机碳(DIC)这种间接方式来利用碳酸钙碳源。而外界大气CO2浓度和胞外碳酸酐酶是影响碳酸钙溶解的重要因素,因此其也明显的影响着微藻对碳酸钙碳源的利用。     

胞外碳酸酐酶对湖泊微藻稳定碳同位素组成的影响

本文以红枫湖、百花湖和阿哈水库中的微藻为研究对象,通过测定湖水中的DIC含量,微藻胞外碳酸酐酶活力和藻体的稳定碳同位素组成等信息,来研究湖泊微藻的碳同位素组成对全球气候变化的响应。结果发现:水体无机碳和微藻胞外碳酸酐酶活力是影响湖泊微藻稳定碳同位素组成变化的决定性因素。本研究所获得的认识将在全球气候变化方面具有重要意义。     

王坡井田煤层气井采出水处理方法研究

针对王坡井田煤层气井采出水中污染物含量低,仅CODcr超出国家一级排放标准(GB 8978-1996)的特点,采用活性炭吸附处理,然后通过絮凝沉降迅速回收采出水中悬浮活性炭。结果表明:活性炭投加量为3g/L、吸附时间为40 min,PAM投加量为2 mg/L,沉降时间为5 min,活性炭回收率为98.35%,处理后采出水CODcr为45.45 mg/L、SS为7 mg/L,达到国家一级排放标准(GB 8978-1996)。     

低碳物流发展现状及对策研究

在低碳经济日益发展的今天,物流业的低碳化发展存在的问题需要我们正视：低碳物流相关法规不完善;物流企业技术装备较落后、标准化水平不高,致使能源使用效率低下;低碳物流教育未有效开展;社会公众的低碳化意识较弱。对以上问题可采取的对策有：政府应完善低碳物流相关法规,健全碳交易体系,实行有效激励;物流行业应加快低碳技术的研发及推广,推进低碳物流系统工程;低碳物流教育应逐步有效开展;加强宣传,提高公众低碳物流意识。     

从碳排放权交易角度谈治理兰州市大气污染的应用研究

随着城市的发展,环境污染问题日益突出,碳排放权交易作为《京都议定书》认定的碳交易机制,在解决环境污染问题上发挥了重要作用。在分析配额型碳交易在美国的成功应用的基础上,针对兰州市的污染现状,构建兰州市碳排放权交易制度来治理大气污染：核定兰州市大气环境容量,确定总量控制目标;确定交易单位;确立碳排放权初始分配机制;制定交易规则,建立监管机构;政府监管并进行相应的惩罚。     

基于AHP-PSR模型的低碳城市评价方法与实证研究——以福建省为例

借鉴"压力-状态-响应"(PSR)模型的理论内涵,构建了低碳城市评价指标体系框架,同时采用层次分析法(AHP)确定各指标权重,建立了低碳城市定量评价方法,并应用于对2012年福建省9个城市进行低碳城市建设水平的评价。结果表明,厦门市已达到低碳城市建设成熟阶段,福州、泉州、漳州、宁德、莆田5个城市处于建设中期,龙岩、三明和南平3个城市尚停留在建设初期,福建省没有建设滞后的城市,低碳城市建设水平总体较好。     

碳排放现状及驱动因素分解实证分析研究——以东莞市为例

根据IPCC碳排放计算指南核算东莞市2005年-2011年期间能源消费的碳排放量,并进行现状分析和采用对数平均权重分解法（LMDI）因素分解分析.研究结果表明：碳排放总量以5.8％速度增长,而碳排放强度以5.8％速度递减;煤是碳排放主源,但所占比重逐年下降;工业碳排放量比重最大,但是增速减慢;交通业、服务业和居民生活碳排放量及所占比重逐年增加;经济规模的扩大是拉动东莞市人均碳排放的决定因素,累计效应远高于能源效率和能源结构对碳减排影响.     

Seasonal and diurnal variations of atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate, peroxypropionyl nitrate, and carbon tetrachloride in Beijing

Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate(PPN), and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) were measured from September 2010 to August 2011 in Beijing. PAN exhibited low values from mid-autumn to early spring(October to March) with monthly average concentrations ranging from 0.28 to 0.73 ppbV, and increased from early spring to summer(March to August), ranging from 1.37–3.79 ppbV. The monthly variation of PPN was similar to PAN, with low values(below detection limit to 0.18 ppbV) from mid-autumn to early spring, and a monthly maximum in September(1.14 ppbV). The monthly variation of CCl4was tightly related to the variation of temperature, exhibiting a minimum in winter(69.3 pptV) and a maximum of 180.6 pptV in summer. Due to weak solar intensity and short duration, PAN and O3showed no distinct diurnal patterns from morning to night during winter, whereas for other seasons, they both exhibited maximal values in the late afternoon(ca. 15:00 to 16:00 local time) and minimal values during early morning and midnight. Good linear correlations between PAN and PPN were found in autumn(R = 0.91), spring(R = 0.94), and summer(R = 0.81), with slopes of 0.130, 0.222, and 0.133, respectively, suggesting that anthropogenic hydrocarbons dominated the photochemical formation of PANs in Beijing. Positive correlation between PAN and O3 in summer with the low slopes( O3 / PAN) ranging from 9.92 to 18.0 indicated serious air pollution in Beijing, and strong negative correlation in winter reflected strong O3consumption by NO titration and less thermal decompositin of PAN.     

Ultrasonic preparation of nano-nickel/activated carbon composite using spent electroless nickel plating bath and application in degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol

Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel （EN） plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon （MFT/AG）. PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite （Ni/AC） in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol.